Isingeniso
Izishintshi zokushisaziyimishini ebalulekile esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okubandakanya ukucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali, ukuphehla ugesi, iziqandisi kanye nokucubungula ukudla. Zidlulisa ukushisa phakathi koketshezi olubili noma ngaphezulu emazingeni okushisa ahlukene, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma iyiphi imishini eyimishini, izishintshisi zokushisa zijwayele ukwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zibe khona, indlela yokuzibona nokuzixilonga, kanye namasu asebenzayo okuhlanza nokunakekela, kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwazo kwesikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle kwazo.
Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zokushintsha Ukushisa
Shell - kanye - Tube Heat Exchangers
I-Shell - kanye - Izishintshi zokushisa ze-tube zingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu. Aqukethe inqwaba yamashubhu avalelwe igobolondo eliyicylindrical. Uketshezi olulodwa lugeleza ngamashubhu (ithubhu - ohlangothini), kanti olunye lugeleza ngaphandle kwamashubhu, ngaphakathi kwegobolondo (igobolondo - ohlangothini). Lezi zishintshi zokushisa zifanele izicelo zokucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphezulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile.
Ama-Plate Heat Exchangers
Izishintshi zokushisa zamapuletizakhiwe ngochungechunge lwamapuleti ensimbi azacile, anothayela. Uketshezi lugeleza eziteshini ezishintshanayo phakathi kwamapuleti, okunikeza indawo enkulu yokudlulisa ukushisa endaweni ehlangene. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni lapho kudingeka izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisa ukushisa, njengasembonini yobisi neziphuzo.
KushiselweAma-Plate Heat Exchangers
Ama-Welded Plate Heat Exchangerssebenzisa uchungechunge lwamapuleti. Kodwa-ke, banomklamo owengeziwe we-modular, ovumela ukuqaqa nokuhlanza kalula
Ama-Spiral Heat Exchangers
Izishintshi zokushisa ezivunguzayo zineziteshi ezimbili ezakhiwe amapuleti ensimbi anenxeba elivunguzayo. Zisebenza ngempumelelo ekuphatheni uketshezi lwe-viscous noketshezi olungcolile, njengoba ukwakheka okuvunguzayo kunciphisa amathuba okonakala.
Umoya - Izishintshi Zokushisa Ezipholile
In air - epholile ukushisa exchangers, umoya usetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimeni lapho amanzi eyindlala noma ebiza kakhulu, njengakwezinye izitshalo zezimboni kanye nama-radiator ezimoto.
Ukwehluleka Okujwayelekile Kokusebenza Kwezishintshi Zokushisa
Ukuhlambalaza
Ukungcola kungenye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu kuma-heaters. Isho ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezingafuneki ezindaweni zokudlulisa ukushisa. Lezi zinto zingabandakanya isikali (esakhiwe ukuna kwamaminerali asuka oketshezini), imikhiqizo yokugqwala, ukukhula kwebhayoloji (njenge-algae ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe emanzini), kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe. Ukungcolisa kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwesishintshi sokushisa, kukhuphule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi okungase kuholele ezindlekweni zokusebenza eziphezulu. Isibonelo, kugobolondo - kanye - nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu esisetshenziswa esitshalweni samandla, ukwakheka kwesikali endaweni yeshubhu kungehlisa kakhulu izinga lokudlulisa ukushisa, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwesitimu esiphansi kanye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Ukuvuza
Ukuvuza kungenzeka kuma-heaters ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Kugobolondo - kanye - nezishintshi zokushisa zeshubhu, amajoyinti eshidi - kuya - tube - angahluleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokukhathala, ukugqwala, noma ukufakwa okungafanele. Ku-plate heat exchangers, ukwehluleka kwe-gasket kuvamile, okungabangelwa ukuguga, ukuqina ngokweqile, noma ukuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali okuvela emanzini. Ukuvuza kungaholela ekungcoleni phakathi kwalokhu ketshezi okubili, okuyinkinga enkulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsizeni lapho ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo kubaluleke kakhulu, njengasembonini yezemithi. Ukwengeza, ukuvuza kungabangela ukulahlekelwa uketshezi olubalulekile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezomnotho.
Ukugqwala
Ukugqwala kungenye indaba ebalulekile ethinta isikhathi sokuphila nokusebenza kwezishintshi zokushisa. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zokugqwala zingenzeka, okuhlanganisa ukugqwala okufanayo, ukugqwala komgodi, nokugqwala kwemifantu. Ukugqwala okufanayo kwenzeka lapho yonke indawo yensimbi ihlaselwa ngokulinganayo into egqwalayo. Ukugqwala kwe-pitting, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezimbobo ezincane, ezijulile endaweni yensimbi. Ukugqwala kweCrevice kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni lapho kunezikhala eziwumngcingo noma imifantu, njengangaphansi kwama-gaskets noma kumajoyinti e-tube - to - tube - sheet. Ukugqwala kwenza buthaka ubuqotho besakhiwo sesishintshisi sokushisa, okwandisa ingozi yokuvuza futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuhlulekeni kwemishini.
I-Tube Blockage
Kugobolondo - kanye - nezishintshisi zokushisa zeshubhu, ukuvaleka kweshubhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu, izinhlayiya ezinkulu, noma izinto eziqinile kumashubhu. Lokhu kuvimbela ukugeleza koketshezi ngamashubhu, kunciphisa indawo yokudlulisa ukushisa nokusebenza kahle. Ukuvinjelwa kwamashubhu kungase futhi kubangele ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza okungalingani phakathi kwamashubhu, okuholela ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi kusheshise nakakhulu ukuwohloka kwesishintshi sokushisa.
Kwehliswe Ukusebenza Kokudlulisa Ukushisa
Ngisho noma kungekho ukungcoliswa okusobala, ukuvuza, noma ukuvinjwa, ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwesishintshi sokushisa kungehla kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto ezifana noshintsho ezimpahleni zoketshezi (isb., i-viscosity, i-thermal conductivity), amazinga okugeleza angalungile, noma ukwehla kokusebenza okushisayo kwempahla yokudlulisa ukushisa ngokwayo ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa aphezulu noma izindawo ezibolayo.
Ukuthola kanye nokuhlonza Izinkinga Zokushintsha Ukushisa
Izinga Lokushisa Nengcindezi
Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa lokungena nokuphumayo kanye nezingcindezi zakho kokubili uketshezi olushisayo nolubandayo kungenye yezindlela eziyisisekelo nezisebenzayo zokuthola izinkinga zesishintshi sokushisa. Ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo komehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kokungena nokuphuma koketshezi olushisayo noma ukuncipha komehluko wezinga lokushisa loketshezi olubandayo kungase kubonise ukuncipha kokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, okungase kubangelwe ukungcola noma ukuvaleka kweshubhu. Ngokufanayo, ukwehla kwengcindezi kungazelelwe kuso sonke isishintshi sokushisa kungase kuphakamise ukuvuza, kuyilapho ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo kokwehla kwengcindezi kungase kube ngenxa yokuvinjwa noma ukonakala ngokweqile. Isibonelo, kumshini wokushisa wepuleti osetshenziswa ohlelweni lwesiqandisi, uma izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi elishiya isishintshi sokushisa liphakeme kunokuvamile futhi ukwehla kwengcindezi kuwo wonke isishintshi sokushisa kwenyukile, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokungcola noma ukuvinjelwa kusishintshi sokushisa.
Ukuhlola Okubonakalayo
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo okuvamile kungaveza izinkinga eziningi ezisobala. Kumagobolondo - kanye - nezishintshi zokushisa zeshubhu, ukuhlola ingaphandle legobolondo ukuze kubonakale izimpawu zokuvuza, njengamachashaza amanzi noma ukugqwala, kubalulekile. Ezishintshisani zokushisa zamapuleti, ukuhlola ama-gaskets ngezimpawu zomonakalo, njengokuqhekeka noma ukuvuvukala, kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingase zivuze. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kungaphinda kukhombe ukugqwala kwangaphandle endaweni yesishintshi sokushisa, okungase kube inkomba yezinkinga ezingathi sína kakhulu zangaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlola okubukwayo kunemikhawulo yakho, njengoba kungenakukwazi ukubona ukungcola kwangaphakathi noma ukuvinjelwa ngaphakathi kwamashubhu noma iziteshi ngaphandle kokuhlakazeka.
I-Flow Rate Monitoring
Ukuqapha amazinga okugeleza uketshezi ngokusebenzisaisishintshi sokushisainganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukuchezuka okuphawulekayo kusuka kuzinga lokugeleza elivamile kungase kubonise ukuvinjelwa, ukuvuza, noma izinkinga ngesistimu yokumpompa. Ngokuqhathanisa izilinganiso zokugeleza ezilinganiselwe namanani edizayini, opharetha bangakwazi ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingaba khona kusenesikhathi. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokugeleza koketshezi olubandayo kugobolondo - kanye - nesishintshi sokushisa seshubhu liphansi kunokulindelekile, kungase kube ngenxa yokuvaleka kweshubhu noma inkinga yevalvu yokungena noma iphampu.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwamakhemikhali
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali koketshezi kungasiza ekutholeni ukuba khona kokungcola okungase kubangele ukungcola noma ukugqwala. Ukuhlaziya inani le-pH, okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqinile ezincibilikisiwe, kanye nokuba khona kwezinhlobo zamakhemikhali ezithile oketshezini kunganikeza imininingwane ngesimo sesishintshi sokushisa. Isibonelo, ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-calcium ne-magnesium ion oketshezini olususelwe emanzini lwesishintshi sokushisa kungase kubonise amandla okwakheka kwesikali. Ukwengeza, ukuhlaziya uketshezi ngokuba khona kwama-ion ensimbi kungasiza ekuboneni ukugqwala, njengoba ukukhululwa kwama-ion ensimbi oketshezini kuwuphawu lokuwohloka kwensimbi.
Ukuhlola Okungabhubhisi (NDT)
Izindlela zokuhlola ezingonakalisi, njengokuhlola ukungena kwe-Dye, ukuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic, ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, nokuhlolwa kwe-radiographic, zingasetshenziswa ukuthola izinkinga zangaphakathi kuma-heaters ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo emishinini. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasonic kungasetshenziswa ukukala ukujiya kwezindonga zensimbi zesishintshi sokushisa, okungasiza ekutholeni ukugqwala. Ukuhlola kwamanje kwe-Eddy kuphumelela ekutholeni amaphutha kumashubhu wegobolondo - kanye - nezishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu, njengokuqhekeka noma ukuncipha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic kunganikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yesakhiwo sangaphakathi sesishintshi sokushisa, okuvumela ukutholwa kokuvinjwa noma okunye okudidayo kwangaphakathi.
Ukuhlanza Izishintshi Zokushisa
Mechanical Cleaning
Izindlela zokuhlanza ngemishini zihilela ukukhipha ngokomzimba izinto ezingcolile ezindaweni zokudlulisa ukushisa. Okwegobolondo - kanye - nezishintshi zokushisa zeshubhu, amashubhu - amabhulashi okuhlanza, ama-scrapers, noma amajethi amanzi anengcindezi ephezulu angasetshenziswa. Amashubhu - amabhulashi okuhlanza afakwa kumashubhu futhi ajikelezwe ukuze kukhuhlwe ukungcola. Amajethi amanzi anomfutho ophezulu, ngokuvamile anezingcindezi ezisukela ku-1000 kuya ku-5000 psi, angasusa ngempumelelo isikali nemfucumfucu enenkani. Ezishintshisani zokushisa zamapuleti, amapuleti angahlakazwa, futhi izindawo ezingaphezulu zingahlanzwa ngesandla kusetshenziswa amabhulashi nezinto zokuhlanza. Ukuhlanza ngomshini kuyindlela eqondile nesebenzayo yokususa izinhlobo eziningi zokungcolisa, kodwa ingase ingafaneleki izingxenye zesishintshi sokushisa ezintekenteke noma ukususa ukungcoliswa okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kumajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuhlanza Amakhemikhali
Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali kuhilela ukusebenzisa ama-agent amakhemikhali ukuze ancibilikise noma asabele ngezinto ezingcolile. Ama-agent ajwayelekile okuhlanza amakhemikhali ahlanganisa ama-asidi (afana ne-hydrochloric acid, i-citric acid), ama-alkali (njenge-sodium hydroxide), nezihlanzi. Isibonelo, ama-asidi ayasebenza ekuncibilikeni kwesikali esakhiwe ama-carbonates ensimbi nama-hydroxides. Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa ama-acids, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokucophelela ukugxila, izinga lokushisa, nesikhathi sokuchayeka ukuze ugweme ukulimaza indawo yensimbi yesishintshi sokushisa. Izihlanzi ezine-alkali zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okuphilayo, okufana namafutha namafutha. Ukuhlanza amakhemikhali kungase kusebenze kangcono kunokuhlanza imishini ekususeni ukungcola okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okujulile, kodwa kudinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthobela indawo ezungezile.
Ukuhlanza ku-inthanethi
Izindlela zokuhlanza ku-inthanethi zivumela isishintshi sokushisa ukuthi sihlanzeke ngenkathi sisasebenza. Indlela eyodwa evamile yokuhlanza ku-inthanethi ukusebenzisa izishintshisi zokushisa ezizihlanzayo, ezakhelwe izindlela zokususa ukungcola ngokuqhubekayo. Isibonelo, ezinye izishintshi zokushisa ezivunguzayo zenzelwe umsebenzi wokuzihlanza, lapho ukugeleza koketshezi kubangela ukuba amapuleti adlidlize kancane, okuvimbela ukunqwabelana kokungcoliswa. Enye indlela yokuhlanza ku-inthanethi ukujova ama-ejenti okuhlanza emfudlaneni owuketshezi. Le ndlela ifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhathi sokuphumula singamukelekile, kodwa ingase ingasebenzi njengezindlela zokuhlanza ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukugcinwa Kwezishintshi Zokushisa
Ukuhlola Okuvamile
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile, njengoba kuchazwe esigabeni sokutholwa nokuxilongwa, kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezihleliwe. Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kuncike ezimweni zokusebenza kanye nokubucayi komshini wokushisa. Ezishintshisi zokushisa ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinokhahlo noma ezibamba uketshezi olubolayo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okuvame kakhulu. Ngokubona izinkinga kusenesikhathi ngokuzihlola njalo, ukulungisa okubizayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula kungagwenywa.
Ukushintshwa Kwezinsimbi Ezigugile
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye zesishintshi sokushisa, njengama-gaskets emshinini wokushisisa amapuleti, amashubhu egobolondweni - kanye - nezishintshisi zokushisa zamashubhu, nama-seal, zingaguga noma zilimale. Lezi zingxenye kufanele zishintshwe ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesishintshi sokushisa. Lapho ushintsha izingxenye, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezihlangabezana nezicaciso zomkhiqizi wasekuqaleni ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nokusebenza.
I-Corrosion Protection
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala, izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela ukugqwala zingathathwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-corrosion - izinto ezimelana nensimbi, njengensimbi engagqwali noma i-titanium, ekwakheni isishintshi sokushisa. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izigqoko zokuzivikela, njengezingubo ze-epoxy noma izigqoko ezisekelwe ku-zinc, ezindaweni zensimbi zinganikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela. Izindlela zokuvikela i-cathodic, njenge-anode yomhlatshelo noma amasistimu amanje ahlabeke umxhwele, angasetshenziswa futhi ukuvikela isishintshi sokushisa ekugqwaleni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukugqwala kuyinkinga enkulu.
Ukwelapha Uketshezi
Ukwelapha uketshezi ngaphambi kokuthi lungene endaweni yokushintsha ukushisa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukungcoliswa nokugqwala. Kumanzi asekelwe emanzini, izinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi, njengokuthambisa, ukuchithwa kwe-demineralization, kanye nokwengezwa kwama-corrosion inhibitors nama-antiscalants, angasetshenziswa. Ukuthambisa kususa i-calcium ne-magnesium ion emanzini, kunciphisa amandla okwakheka kwesikali. I-Demineralization isusa wonke amaminerali ancibilikisiwe, inikeze amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu. Ama-Corrosion inhibitors nama-antiscalants angamakhemikhali anezelwa oketshezini ukuze avimbele ukugqwala nokwakheka kwezikali, ngokulandelana. Ngokuphatha uketshezi ngendlela efanele, isikhathi sokuphila somshini wokushisa singanwetshwa, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kungagcinwa.
Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi
Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kwama-opharetha kubalulekile ekugcinweni okusebenzayo kwezishintshi zokushisa. Ama-opharetha kufanele aqeqeshwe ukuthi angaqapha kanjani ukusebenza kwesishintshi sokushisa, abone izinkinga ezingaba khona, futhi enze imisebenzi yokulungisa eyisisekelo, njengokuhlola okubonakalayo kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanza ezilula. Kufanele futhi bajwayelane nezinqubo zokuphepha ezihlobene nokuphatha amakhemikhali nokwenza ukunakekelwa kwisishintshi sokushisa. Ama-opharetha aqeqeshwe kahle angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesishintshisi sokushisa.
Isiphetho
Izishintshisi zokushisa ziyizingcezu zemishini ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni. Ukuqonda ukwehluleka okuvamile kokusebenza, njengokungcolisa, ukuvuza, ukugqwala, ukuvinjelwa kwamashubhu, nokuncipha kokusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa, kanye nezindlela zokuthola nokuxilonga lezi zinkinga, kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokugcina ukusebenza kwazo. Izindlela zokuhlanza ezisebenzayo, ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwemishini, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-inthanethi, kungasiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa ukushisa kwesishintshi sokushisa. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile, njengokuhlola, ukushintshwa kwengxenye, ukuvikela ukugqwala, ukwelashwa koketshezi, nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzisi, kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside nokusebenza okuphelele kwezishintshi zokushisa. Ngokusebenzisa lawa masu abanzi okuxazulula izinkinga, ukuhlanza, nokunakekela, izimboni zinganciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, zehlise izindleko zokusebenza, futhi ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kwezishintshisi zazo zokushisa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-17-2025